娴锋柉琚垽缁炲垜锛屾澃绫冲娆′笂璇夋眰鎯呭潎琚┏鍥炪傚埌浜嗚鍒戞棩锛屾澃绫宠纯璧傜湅瀹堬紝甯︿簡涓鐡舵湕濮嗛厭鎺㈡湜娴锋柉銆傛捣鏂枬浜嗕袱鍙ｏ紝鍙堥掔粰浜嗗悓鍦ㄦ鍥氱墷閲岀殑缃姱鏂拏鑺傛澃绫冲師鏈鍒掑姭娉曞満锛岀劧鍚庨冨洖鑻忔牸鍏般備絾娴锋柉濠夋嫆浜嗘澃绫崇殑濂芥剰锛屼笂缁炲垜鏋舵槸浠栧拵鐢辫嚜鍙栵紝鍗充娇閫冨洖鑻忔牸鍏颁篃浼氳缂夋崟锛屽弽鑰岃繛绱湅鍙嬨備粬鍙湁涓や釜璇锋眰锛屼竴鏄枬涓ゅ彛濂介厭锛屼簩灏辨槸涓存鍓嶈兘鐪嬪埌濂芥湅鍙嬬殑寰瑧銆         娴锋柉琚垽缁炲垜锛屾澃绫冲娆′笂璇夋眰鎯呭潎琚┏鍥炪傚埌浜嗚鍒戞棩锛屾澃绫宠纯璧傜湅瀹堬紝甯︿簡涓鐡舵湕濮嗛厭鎺㈡湜娴锋柉銆傛捣鏂枬浜嗕袱鍙ｏ紝鍙堥掔粰浜嗗悓鍦ㄦ鍥氱墷閲岀殑缃姱鏂拏鑺傛澃绫冲師鏈鍒掑姭娉曞満锛岀劧鍚庨冨洖鑻忔牸鍏般備絾娴锋柉濠夋嫆浜嗘澃绫崇殑濂芥剰锛屼笂缁炲垜鏋舵槸浠栧拵鐢辫嚜鍙栵紝鍗充娇閫冨洖鑻忔牸鍏颁篃浼氳缂夋崟 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

鑾辨柉鍒╃殑灏镐綋琚崏鑽夋帺鍩嬪湪娌冲哺涓婏紝杩欏満濮嬫枡鏈強鐨勬姠鍔鏉扮背娌抚鑰屽張鑷矗銆傚綋鑸规姷杈惧紑鏅垂灏旀渤杈圭殑濂旀祦搴勫洯鏃讹紝浼婃仼鎶氭懜鐫鑻卞媷鐨勭綏娲涳紝鎯婅鐨勭湅鐫濡傜帇瀹埇鐨勫ぇ瀹呫備笂浜嗗哺锛屼箶鍗′笣濉斿Ж濡堜翰鑷埌搴勫洯闂ㄥ彛杩庢帴锛岃韩鍚庤窡鐫榛戜汉绠″灏ゅ埄瑗挎柉銆傛澃绫冲悜濮ㄥ浠嬬粛浜嗗瀛愬厠鑾卞皵鍜屽鐢ヤ紛鎭╋紝涔斿崱涓濆鐑儏鐨勬嫢鎶卞拰瀵掑枾锛屽嵈鏃犺浼婃仼閫掍笂鏉ョ殑椴滆姳銆傚湪灏ゅ埄瑗挎柉鎻愰啋鍚庯紝濮ㄥ鎵嶆姳姝夌殑鎺ヨ繃鑺便傝繖浜涘勾锛屽ス鐨勭溂鐫涘凡杩戝け鏄庯紝鍙兘渚濈█鐪嬪埌褰㈢姸鍜屽奖瀛愩         鑾辨柉鍒╃殑灏镐綋琚崏鑽夋帺鍩嬪湪娌冲哺涓婏紝杩欏満濮嬫枡鏈強鐨勬姠鍔鏉扮背娌抚鑰屽張鑷矗銆傚綋鑸规姷杈惧紑鏅垂灏旀渤杈圭殑濂旀祦搴勫洯鏃讹紝浼婃仼鎶氭懜鐫鑻卞媷鐨勭綏娲涳紝鎯婅鐨勭湅鐫濡傜帇瀹埇鐨勫ぇ瀹呫備笂浜嗗哺锛屼箶鍗′笣濉斿Ж濡堜翰鑷埌搴勫洯闂ㄥ彛杩庢帴锛岃韩鍚庤窡鐫榛戜汉绠″灏ゅ埄瑗挎柉銆傛澃绫冲悜濮ㄥ浠嬬粛浜嗗瀛愬厠鑾卞皵 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

涔斿崱涓濆鏈寚鏈涙澃绫充綇涓娈垫椂闂达紝灏辫兘涔犳儻杩欓噷鐨勯淇椾範鎯傚彲缁忓巻浜嗘槰鏅氱殑浜嬪悗锛屾澃绫冲拰鍏嬭幈灏斿凡鍐冲畾绂诲紑濂旀祦搴勫洯銆傜劧鍚庝粬浠細閫佷紛鎭╁洖濞佹槑椤块晣锛岃浠栫櫥鑸瑰洖鑻忔牸鍏般備箣鍚庡氨浼氬悜瑗块儴灞卞尯杩涘彂锛岄偅閲屾湁搴т紞鎷夊婧晣锛屾嵁璇存湁寰堝鑻忔牸鍏颁汉瀹氬眳銆傛澃绫冲拰鍏嬭幈灏斿彲浠ュ湪閭ｅ仛鍗板埛宸ュ拰鍖荤敓璧氶挶绯婂彛锛屽缓绔嬪搴         涔斿崱涓濆鏈寚鏈涙澃绫充綇涓娈垫椂闂达紝灏辫兘涔犳儻杩欓噷鐨勯淇椾範鎯傚彲缁忓巻浜嗘槰鏅氱殑浜嬪悗锛屾澃绫冲拰鍏嬭幈灏斿凡鍐冲畾绂诲紑濂旀祦搴勫洯銆傜劧鍚庝粬浠細閫佷紛鎭╁洖濞佹槑椤块晣锛岃浠栫櫥鑸瑰洖鑻忔牸鍏般備箣鍚庡氨浼氬悜瑗块儴灞卞尯杩涘彂锛岄偅閲屾湁搴т紞鎷夊婧晣锛屾嵁璇存湁寰堝鑻忔牸鍏颁汉瀹氬眳銆傛澃绫冲拰鍏嬭幈灏斿彲浠ュ湪閭ｅ仛鍗 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

鏉扮背鍜屽厠鑾卞皵鍐嶄笁鏉冭　锛岃繕鏄帴鍙椾簡宸為暱娉颁鸡鐨勬彁璁傚湪璧犲湴鍗忚涓婄浜嗗瓧锛屼竴涓囪嫳浜╃殑鍦熷湴灏卞綊鏉扮背鎵鏈夛紝涔嬪悗鐨勪换鍔＄殑浠诲姟灏辨槸涓哄浗鐜嬪惛寮曟洿澶氱Щ姘戝紑鍙戠編娲层傚窞闀挎彁渚涗簡涓寮犲湴鍥撅紝璧犲湴鍦ㄨ但鍒╁瓟灞遍檮杩戯紝褰撳湴浜轰篃绉扮鐖跺北銆         鏉扮背鍜屽厠鑾卞皵鍐嶄笁鏉冭　锛岃繕鏄帴鍙椾簡宸為暱娉颁鸡鐨勬彁璁傚湪璧犲湴鍗忚涓婄浜嗗瓧锛屼竴涓囪嫳浜╃殑鍦熷湴灏卞綊鏉扮背鎵鏈夛紝涔嬪悗鐨勪换鍔＄殑浠诲姟灏辨槸涓哄浗鐜嬪惛寮曟洿澶氱Щ姘戝紑鍙戠編娲层傚窞闀挎彁渚涗簡涓寮犲湴鍥撅紝璧犲湴鍦ㄨ但鍒╁瓟灞遍檮杩戯紝褰撳湴浜轰篃绉扮鐖跺北銆

鍦ㄤ笌鍒囩綏鍩轰汉鍜岃В鍚庯紝鍏嬭幈灏旂粡甯稿悜宸尰闃胯揪缁村笇瀛︿範鑽夎嵂鐭ヨ瘑鍜屽垏缃楀熀璇傚伓灏旇繕浼氳亰璧疯嚜宸辩殑濂冲効锛屽厠鑾卞皵灏变細瑙夊緱鏈変簺浼ゆ劅锛岃繖杈堝瓙鎭愭曞啀涔熻涓嶅埌甯冧附瀹夊浜嗐傞樋杈剧淮甯屽畨鎱伴亾锛屽竷涓藉畨濞滃氨鍦ㄨ繖閲屻傚厠鑾卞皵鎯虫兂涔熷锛屾妸濂冲効璁板湪蹇冮噷锛屽氨璺熼櫔鍦ㄨ韩杈逛竴鏍凤紝鎵浠ユ病鏈夊鎯抽樋杈剧淮甯岀殑璇濄         鍦ㄤ笌鍒囩綏鍩轰汉鍜岃В鍚庯紝鍏嬭幈灏旂粡甯稿悜宸尰闃胯揪缁村笇瀛︿範鑽夎嵂鐭ヨ瘑鍜屽垏缃楀熀璇傚伓灏旇繕浼氳亰璧疯嚜宸辩殑濂冲効锛屽厠鑾卞皵灏变細瑙夊緱鏈変簺浼ゆ劅锛岃繖杈堝瓙鎭愭曞啀涔熻涓嶅埌甯冧附瀹夊浜嗐傞樋杈剧淮甯屽畨鎱伴亾锛屽竷涓藉畨濞滃氨鍦ㄨ繖閲屻傚厠鑾卞皵鎯虫兂涔熷锛屾妸濂冲効璁板湪蹇冮噷锛屽氨璺熼櫔鍦ㄨ韩杈逛竴鏍凤紝鎵浠ユ病鏈夊鎯 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

鏉扮背鍙兘涓嶄細鎯冲埌浼氭湁涓浣嶈吹瀹紝濂芥湅鍙嬩篃鏄湁杩囨晳鍛戒箣鎭╃殑鐗欎拱鍔犳荤潱绾︾堪锛屼細鏉ュ埌寮楅浄娉藉北鑴娿傜害缈版敹鍒版澃绫崇殑淇★紝渚挎兂鐫鏉ヨ璇嗕竴涓嬬編娲查鍏夛紝椤轰究鍒板紬鍚夊凹浜氬窞鍔炰簨銆傛澃绫充笌鏃ュ唴鐡︾殑鍎垮瓙濞佸粔涔熸潵浜嗭紝绾︾堪鎶婁粬鐣欏湪浜嗗皬婧梺銆傚洜涓虹害缈版兂鍏堢湅鐪嬫澃绫崇殑鎰忔濓紝鍏嶅緱鎵颁贡鏉扮背鐜板湪鐨勭敓娲汇         鏉扮背鍙兘涓嶄細鎯冲埌浼氭湁涓浣嶈吹瀹紝濂芥湅鍙嬩篃鏄湁杩囨晳鍛戒箣鎭╃殑鐗欎拱鍔犳荤潱绾︾堪锛屼細鏉ュ埌寮楅浄娉藉北鑴娿傜害缈版敹鍒版澃绫崇殑淇★紝渚挎兂鐫鏉ヨ璇嗕竴涓嬬編娲查鍏夛紝椤轰究鍒板紬鍚夊凹浜氬窞鍔炰簨銆傛澃绫充笌鏃ュ唴鐡︾殑鍎垮瓙濞佸粔涔熸潵浜嗭紝绾︾堪鎶婁粬鐣欏湪浜嗗皬婧梺銆傚洜涓虹害缈版兂鍏堢湅鐪嬫澃绫崇殑鎰忔濓紝鍏嶅緱鎵颁贡鏉 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

甯冧附瀹夊杩樿寰楀嚑骞村墠锛岀埗浜插湪鑻忔牸鍏扮殑鍚屼簨瀵勬潵浠借祫鏂欙紝閲岄潰鏈夊紶鍒婄櫥鍦ㄣ婂▉鏄庨】閭姤銆嬩笂鐨勮鍛娿傜埗浜插紬鍏板厠鐪嬭繃鍚庡嵆浼ゅ績鍙堟劋鎬掞紝鍗翠笉鎰垮憡璇夊竷涓藉畨濞滃師鍥犮備箣鍚庣埗浜插氨涓庢瘝浜茬濠氾紝鍥炰簡浼︽暒鍓戞ˉ銆傚浠婂竷涓藉畨濞滄槑鐧戒簡璁ｅ憡鑳屽悗鐨勬晠浜嬶紝姣呯劧鍥炲埌1768骞村鎵捐嚜宸辩殑鐖朵翰鍜屾瘝浜层         甯冧附瀹夊杩樿寰楀嚑骞村墠锛岀埗浜插湪鑻忔牸鍏扮殑鍚屼簨瀵勬潵浠借祫鏂欙紝閲岄潰鏈夊紶鍒婄櫥鍦ㄣ婂▉鏄庨】閭姤銆嬩笂鐨勮鍛娿傜埗浜插紬鍏板厠鐪嬭繃鍚庡嵆浼ゅ績鍙堟劋鎬掞紝鍗翠笉鎰垮憡璇夊竷涓藉畨濞滃師鍥犮備箣鍚庣埗浜插氨涓庢瘝浜茬濠氾紝鍥炰簡浼︽暒鍓戞ˉ銆傚浠婂竷涓藉畨濞滄槑鐧戒簡璁ｅ憡鑳屽悗鐨勬晠浜嬶紝姣呯劧鍥炲埌1768骞村鎵捐嚜宸辩殑鐖 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

璐规牸鏂寙鍖嗚刀鍥炲锛岀帥娌欏埄姝ｅ湪鍑嗗鍗堥娆惧緟鍓嶆潵鎷滆鐨勬澃绫冲拰鍏嬭幈灏斻傛澃绫虫槸搴斿窞闀挎嘲浼︾殑閭璇锋潵鍒板▉鏄庨】锛岄『渚跨湅鐪嬪垰鍑虹敓鐨勫皬鐑皵鏇笺傚綋鏅氾紝鏉扮背鍜屽厠鑾卞皵鏉ュ埌鍓ч櫌銆備笂娴佺ぞ浼氱殑鏀胯鍚嶆祦娴庢祹涓鍫傦紝娉颁鸡杩樼壒鎰忎粙缁嶄簡鏈寰楀姏鐨勬墜涓嬭寖瀹佺粰鏉扮背璁よ瘑銆         璐规牸鏂寙鍖嗚刀鍥炲锛岀帥娌欏埄姝ｅ湪鍑嗗鍗堥娆惧緟鍓嶆潵鎷滆鐨勬澃绫冲拰鍏嬭幈灏斻傛澃绫虫槸搴斿窞闀挎嘲浼︾殑閭璇锋潵鍒板▉鏄庨】锛岄『渚跨湅鐪嬪垰鍑虹敓鐨勫皬鐑皵鏇笺傚綋鏅氾紝鏉扮背鍜屽厠鑾卞皵鏉ュ埌鍓ч櫌銆備笂娴佺ぞ浼氱殑鏀胯鍚嶆祦娴庢祹涓鍫傦紝娉颁鸡杩樼壒鎰忎粙缁嶄簡鏈寰楀姏鐨勬墜涓嬭寖瀹佺粰鏉扮背璁よ瘑銆

甯冧附瀹夊甯︾潃浼ょ棔鍥炰簡鎴块棿锛岀緸浜庡憡璇変紛涓借帋鐧藉垰鎵嶅彂鐢熺殑浜嬨備紛涓借帋鐧芥浘鐪嬪埌甯冧附瀹夊涓庣綏鏉板湪涓璧凤紝鍗村苟涓嶇煡閬撲箣鍚庣殑浜嬫儏锛岃璁や负鏄綏鏉颁激瀹充簡甯冧附瀹夊銆傜湅鐫濂充富浜鸿韩涓婄殑鐦闈掑拰琛涓婄殑琛杩癸紝浼婁附鑾庣櫧鍗崇棝蹇冨張鏃犲銆         甯冧附瀹夊甯︾潃浼ょ棔鍥炰簡鎴块棿锛岀緸浜庡憡璇変紛涓借帋鐧藉垰鎵嶅彂鐢熺殑浜嬨備紛涓借帋鐧芥浘鐪嬪埌甯冧附瀹夊涓庣綏鏉板湪涓璧凤紝鍗村苟涓嶇煡閬撲箣鍚庣殑浜嬫儏锛岃璁や负鏄綏鏉颁激瀹充簡甯冧附瀹夊銆傜湅鐫濂充富浜鸿韩涓婄殑鐦闈掑拰琛涓婄殑琛杩癸紝浼婁附鑾庣櫧鍗崇棝蹇冨張鏃犲銆

缃楁澃琚帿鍚嶅叾濡欑殑鐥涙浜嗕竴椤裤備絾鏄鍒扮棝涓嬫潃鎵嬶紝鏉扮背鍐呭績杩樻槸鎺掓枼鐨勩備粬灏嗘槒杩风殑缃楁澃涓㈢粰浼婃仼锛屼笉绠℃槸涓㈣繘娌抽噷锛岃繕鏄涪鍒拌繙澶勭殑灞辨灄閮藉彲浠ワ紝鍙纭繚杩欎釜鈥滅ジ瀹斥濆コ鍎跨殑瀹朵紮涓嶅啀鍑虹幇灏辫銆傛湁浜嗚垍鑸呯殑鍛戒护锛屼紛鎭╂妸缃楁澃椹湪椹笂鍑轰簡灞辫剨锛屾伆閬囧埌鏉ヤ笌鍒囩綏鍩轰汉浜ゆ槗鐨勮帿闇嶅厠浜恒備簬鏄紝浠栫敤涓涓ぇ娲讳汉鎹簡涓鍧楅儴钀介グ鐗┿         缃楁澃琚帿鍚嶅叾濡欑殑鐥涙浜嗕竴椤裤備絾鏄鍒扮棝涓嬫潃鎵嬶紝鏉扮背鍐呭績杩樻槸鎺掓枼鐨勩備粬灏嗘槒杩风殑缃楁澃涓㈢粰浼婃仼锛屼笉绠℃槸涓㈣繘娌抽噷锛岃繕鏄涪鍒拌繙澶勭殑灞辨灄閮藉彲浠ワ紝鍙纭繚杩欎釜鈥滅ジ瀹斥濆コ鍎跨殑瀹朵紮涓嶅啀鍑虹幇灏辫銆傛湁浜嗚垍鑸呯殑鍛戒护锛屼紛鎭╂妸缃楁澃椹湪椹笂鍑轰簡灞辫剨锛屾伆閬囧埌鏉ヤ笌鍒囩綏鍩轰汉浜ゆ槗鐨 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

鎶婂竷涓藉畨濞滈佸埌濂旀祦搴勫洯鍚庯紝绌嗗澶病蹇樿鏉扮背鐨勫槺鍜愶紝鍥炲埌濞佹槑椤垮熶綇鍦ㄨ垂鏍兼柉瀹躲傝垂鏍兼柉鍥犱负宸︽墜娈嬬柧锛屼竴鐩存病鏈夌ǔ瀹氱殑鏀跺叆鍏诲绯婂彛銆傜帥娌欏埄鍗宠鍋氬鍔★紝杩樿鐓ч【鍒氬嚭鐢熺殑鐑皵鏇笺傚ス瑙佺﹩濉斿か鏁存棩韬插湪灞嬮噷璺熷叾浠栫洃绠¤呭晢閲忚繖鍟嗛噺閭ｏ紝姘斿氨涓嶆墦涓澶勬潵銆         鎶婂竷涓藉畨濞滈佸埌濂旀祦搴勫洯鍚庯紝绌嗗澶病蹇樿鏉扮背鐨勫槺鍜愶紝鍥炲埌濞佹槑椤垮熶綇鍦ㄨ垂鏍兼柉瀹躲傝垂鏍兼柉鍥犱负宸︽墜娈嬬柧锛屼竴鐩存病鏈夌ǔ瀹氱殑鏀跺叆鍏诲绯婂彛銆傜帥娌欏埄鍗宠鍋氬鍔★紝杩樿鐓ч【鍒氬嚭鐢熺殑鐑皵鏇笺傚ス瑙佺﹩濉斿か鏁存棩韬插湪灞嬮噷璺熷叾浠栫洃绠¤呭晢閲忚繖鍟嗛噺閭ｏ紝姘斿氨涓嶆墦涓澶勬潵銆

鏂拏鑺鎶撶殑娑堟伅浼犲埌浜嗗娴佸簞鍥紝鍏蜂綋鐨勬儏鍐电害缈拌繕涓嶆竻妤氾紝鍙煡閬撴柉钂傝姮琚寚鎺х殑缃悕鏄蛋绉併佹捣鐩楀拰璋嬫潃锛屼笅鍛ㄥ皢琚粸姝汇傝繖鏍峰叾瀹炰篃濂斤紝鍐嶅幓杩界┒寮哄ジ鐨勪簨锛屽彧浼氳甯冧附瀹夊鐨勫悕瑾夊彈鎹熴備笉杩囧竷涓藉畨濞滀粛鍐冲畾鍘昏瑙佹柉钂傝姮锛岀害缈板垰鎯冲姖闃伙紝甯冧附瀹夊灏辨嬁鍑轰簡鐖朵翰鐨勪俊銆傛澃绫冲湪淇′腑鎻愬埌锛屼笉甯屾湜甯冧附瀹夊鐢ㄥ浠囩殑鏂瑰紡鎶氬钩鍐呭績鐨勬劋鎬掋         鏂拏鑺鎶撶殑娑堟伅浼犲埌浜嗗娴佸簞鍥紝鍏蜂綋鐨勬儏鍐电害缈拌繕涓嶆竻妤氾紝鍙煡閬撴柉钂傝姮琚寚鎺х殑缃悕鏄蛋绉併佹捣鐩楀拰璋嬫潃锛屼笅鍛ㄥ皢琚粸姝汇傝繖鏍峰叾瀹炰篃濂斤紝鍐嶅幓杩界┒寮哄ジ鐨勪簨锛屽彧浼氳甯冧附瀹夊鐨勫悕瑾夊彈鎹熴備笉杩囧竷涓藉畨濞滀粛鍐冲畾鍘昏瑙佹柉钂傝姮锛岀害缈板垰鎯冲姖闃伙紝甯冧附瀹夊灏辨嬁鍑轰簡鐖朵翰鐨勪俊銆 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴

绌嗗澶病鏈夎窡璐规牸鏂幓寮楅浄娉藉北鑴婏紝鑰屾槸鍥炲埌浜嗗娴佸簞鍥傛閲岄冪敓璁╀粬鐨勮儍鍙ｅぇ寮锛屾妸妗屼笂鐨勭儰鑲夊悆浜嗗ぇ鍗娿備箶鍗′笣濉旂溂鐫涜櫧鐩诧紝娑堟伅鍗村緢鐏甸氾紝鏃╁凡鍚濞佹槑椤跨洃鐙辫鐐哥殑浜嬨傚ス鎳掑緱寮勬竻妤氱﹩濉斿か鍒板簳鏄洜涓轰笌鐩戠鑰呭悓璋嬶紝杩樻槸涓轰簡鏉扮背浜ゅ緟鐨勪簨鍏ョ嫳锛屼絾濂圭煡閬撲竴鐐癸紝绌嗗澶鏉ュ繀鏈夌洰鐨勩         绌嗗澶病鏈夎窡璐规牸鏂幓寮楅浄娉藉北鑴婏紝鑰屾槸鍥炲埌浜嗗娴佸簞鍥傛閲岄冪敓璁╀粬鐨勮儍鍙ｅぇ寮锛屾妸妗屼笂鐨勭儰鑲夊悆浜嗗ぇ鍗娿備箶鍗′笣濉旂溂鐫涜櫧鐩诧紝娑堟伅鍗村緢鐏甸氾紝鏃╁凡鍚濞佹槑椤跨洃鐙辫鐐哥殑浜嬨傚ス鎳掑緱寮勬竻妤氱﹩濉斿か鍒板簳鏄洜涓轰笌鐩戠鑰呭悓璋嬶紝杩樻槸涓轰簡鏉扮背浜ゅ緟鐨勪簨鍏ョ嫳锛屼絾濂圭煡閬撲竴鐐癸紝绌嗗 灞曞紑鍏ㄩ儴